Prevention of high salt diet-induced cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis by spironolactone
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: High salt diet causes cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis and increases cardiac aldosterone, while decreasing plasma aldosterone. The present study assessed, in Wistar rats, the effect of high salt diet on left and right ventricle (LV and RV, respectively) weight and fibrosis both with and without the aldosterone antagonist spironolactone. METHODS: Regular salt (0.6%) or high salt (8%) diet either without or with spironolactone (20 or 80 mg/kg/day) were given to Wistar rats for 4 and 8 weeks. RESULTS: A modest increase in BP was noted only after 8 weeks on high salt diet. Both LV weight and cardiomyocyte cross-sectional diameter were increased significantly by high salt diet after 4 and 8 weeks, whereas RV weight remained unchanged. Both LV and RV collagen as well as interstitial and perivascular fibrosis remained unchanged after 4 weeks and increased significantly after 8 weeks on high salt diet. Spironolactone at a dose of 80 mg/kg prevented increases in LV weight and cardiomyocyte cross-sectional diameter, as well as increases in LV and RV collagen and interstitial and perivascular fibrosis induced by high salt diet. In comparison, spironolactone at a dose of 20 mg/kg was somewhat less effective. CONCLUSIONS: Chronic high salt diet increases LV weight and cardiomyocyte cross-sectional diameter and causes both LV and RV fibrosis. All of these changes are prevented by spironolactone, which is consistent with the concept that cardiac aldosterone mediates these cardiac effects of high salt diet.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".