Examining the Relative Validity of an Adult Food Frequency Questionnaire in Children and Adolescents
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Dietary factors have been implicated in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). The aim of the study was to assess the accuracy of a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) developed in French and English for adults 18 years and older, among subjects ages 7 to 18 years participating in a prospective cohort study. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Healthy children and adolescents ages 7 to 18 years were recruited from outpatient orthopedic clinics in a Montréal pediatric hospital. Of the 131 recruits, 65 (86% Francophone) provided a complete 78-item semiquantitative FFQ and 3-day nonconsecutive food records (3D-FR). Parents of young children completed both instruments, whereas older children and adolescents completed them on their own. The FFQ were analyzed using Microsoft Access software for customized data entry and the 3D-FR were analyzed using CANDAT software, both based on the 2007b Canadian Nutrient File. RESULTS: The FFQ overestimated intakes relative to the 3D-FR by around 15%. Spearman rank correlation coefficients between test and reference methods were positive, largely ranged from 0.22 (vitamin C) to 0.57 (saturated fat), and were generally statistically significant (0.05< P < 0.0001). Stronger associations between test and reference methods were found for adolescents (13-18 years) and for girls. Some 77% of participants were jointly classified into the same half of the distribution, with 39% exact agreement and only 6% frank misclassification. CONCLUSIONS: The FFQ can be confidently used to rank young subjects on a range of nutrient intakes with the potential to provide useful information on dietary risk factors in the etiology of inflammatory bowel disease. Accuracy could be enhanced by improving completion quality of FFQs, notably by young adolescent boys.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.009 | 0.025 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".