Prescription Drug Misuse Among Antisocial Youths
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to describe the prevalence and correlates of nonmedical prescription drug misuse (PDM) in a state population of youths in residential care for antisocial behavior. METHOD: Interviews assessing substance use, psychiatric symptoms, antisocial traits/behavior, and traumatic life experiences were conducted with 723 Missouri youths. Participants were predominantly male (87.0%), averaged 15.5 (SD = 1.2) years of age, and constituted 97.7% of the service population sampled. RESULTS: Overall, 314 youths (43.4%) reported lifetime PDM; 33.7%, 32.0%, and 11.2% had misused prescription opioids, tranquilizers, and barbiturates, respectively. Prescription drug misusers were significantly older, and larger proportions were girls, were White, and resided in small towns, compared with non-prescription drug misusers. Prescription drug misusers evidenced significantly more varied, frequent, and problematic psychoactive drug use; evidenced higher levels of distressing psychiatric symptoms; and were nearly twice as likely to have been diagnosed with a psychiatric disorder, compared with non-prescription drug misusers. Traumatic life events, experiences of criminal victimization, and suicidal ideation were significantly more prevalent in the histories of prescription drug misusers, compared with non-prescription drug misusers. In multiple logistic regression models, older age; White racial status; prior inhalant, marijuana, and LSD (lysergic acid diethylamide) use; residence in a small town; and impulsivity were associated with increased risk for PDM. CONCLUSIONS: Adolescents in residential care for antisocial behavior have high rates of PDM, as well as comorbid psychiatric and behavioral problems. Youths served in institutional settings should be routinely screened and treated for PDM and co-occurring disorders.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".