Uptake of gas-phase nitric acid to ice at low partial pressures: evidence for unsaturated surface coverage
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
The adsorption of gas-phase nitric acid onto water-ice surfaces at temperatures between 200 and 239 K has been studied over short time scales using a coated-wall flow tube coupled to a chemical ionization mass spectrometer. The nitric acid partial pressures used were between 10(-8) hPa and 10(-6) hPa, making this the first systematic study under partial pressure conditions present in the upper troposphere. Whereas previous findings using this technique have shown that the surface coverages are saturated at 2 to 3 x 10(14) molecules cm(-2) (referenced to the geometric surface area of the ice film) when partial pressures are larger than about 10(-7) hPa, the principal finding from this study is that the surface coverages are in the unsaturated regime at lower partial pressures. A conventional Langmuir adsorption isotherm describes the uptake in a quantitative manner while dissociative Langmuir isotherms that have been used in the past to model this process do not. The unsaturated surface coverages are strongly temperature dependent, in agreement with a number of field measurements of the nitric acid (or NOy) component of cirrus cloud particles. These laboratory results match those in the field better than do those measured at significantly higher partial pressures but, nevertheless, they still indicate somewhat greater uptake, particularly at higher temperatures.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it