Shale Oil Potential in Saskatchewan
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract With no commercial mines in operation, Canada's oil shales have not been widely recognized domestically or internationally. Nevertheless, Canada's oil shale resource has been estimated to be 15.2 × 109 bbl, an estimate that may rise with continued exploration across the country. Significant oil shale deposits have been identified in almost every Canadian province and territory, including Saskatchewan. Saskatchewan's oil shale resources are amenable to mining and surface processing but, as is the case with many of the world's deposits, environmental considerations will bolster the importance of developing new "game-changer" technologies that will reduce and/or replace the use of fresh water and dramatically reduce air emissions of CO2, SOX, and NOX. Significant R&D programs are now aimed at developing and demonstrating such new technologies for Saskatchewan's oil shale deposits, in order to make commercially viable a new source of Canadian "technology oil." This paper will provide an overview of oil shale geology, physical properties, and resources, highlighting Saskatchewan's oil shale and some of the novel recovery technologies that are being developed.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".