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Record W1997386306 · doi:10.1145/2484313.2484372

Fuzzing the ActionScript virtual machine

2013· article· en· W1997386306 on OpenAlex

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

fundA Canadian funder is recorded on the work.
no affNo Canadian affiliation: this work is invisible to an affiliation-only frame.
No Canadian affiliation. An affiliation-only frame, the usual design, would never have seen this work. It is one of the works that make the case for inverting the frame.

Bibliographic record

Venuenot available
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldComputer Science
TopicSoftware Testing and Debugging Techniques
Canadian institutionsnot available
FundersNational Natural Science Foundation of ChinaChina Postdoctoral Science FoundationUniversity of Ottawa
KeywordsComputer scienceFuzz testingProgramming languageTest suiteCompilerSuiteJavaScriptContext (archaeology)Code coverageSource codeCode (set theory)Virtual machineTest caseSoftwareMachine learning

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Fuzz testing is an automated testing technique where random data is used as an input to software systems in order to reveal security bugs/vulnerabilities. Fuzzed inputs must be binaries embedded with compiled bytecodes when testing against ActionScript virtual machines (AVMs). The current fuzzing method for JavaScript-like virtual machines is very limited when applied to compiler-involved AVMs. The complete source code should be both grammatically and semantically valid to allow execution by first passing through the compiler. In this paper, we present ScriptGene, an algorithmic approach to overcome the additional complexity of generating valid ActionScript programs. First, nearly-valid code snippets are randomly generated, with some controls on instruction flow. Second, we present a novel mutation method where the former code snippets are lexically analyzed and mutated with runtime information of the AVM, which helps us to build context for undefined behaviours against compiler-check and produce a high code coverage. Accordingly, we have implemented and evaluated ScriptGene on three different versions of Adobe AVMs. Results demonstrate that ScriptGene not only covers almost all the blocks of the official test suite (Tamarin), but also is capable of nearly twice the code coverage. The discovery of six bugs missed by the official test suite demonstrates the effectiveness, validity and novelty of ScriptGene.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Simulation or modeling · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Methods · Consensus signal: none
Teacher disagreement score0.801
Threshold uncertainty score0.365

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0010.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.014
GPT teacher head0.223
Teacher spread0.209 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it