Detecting danger from prey-guild members: behavioural and metabolic responses of Ozark zigzag salamanders to alarm secretions from earthworms
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
When different species have common predators, selection should favor individuals that respond to alarm cues from the other species. The Ozark zigzag salamander (Plethodon angusticlavius) occupies microhabitats under rocks and logs during wet conditions, and uses subterranean burrows during harsh environmental periods. Using the vomeronasal organ, these salamanders can assess chemical cues in their environment, including cues from predators and alarm secretions from conspecific and heterospecific salamanders. Ozark zigzag salamanders live syntopically with earthworms which are abundant and vulnerable to the same predators. We tested whether salamanders would respond to alarm secretion from earthworms in ways that are consistent with antipredator behaviour. We obtained alarm secretions from earthworms by simulating a predator attack (grasping them with forceps) and collecting the stimuli in water. When exposed to alarm secretions, salamanders increased their time spent in escape behaviour, decreased their chemosensory behaviour, and increased oxygen consumption, whereas their responses to stimuli from unstressed earthworms were similar to their responses to blank water. Our results suggest that Ozark zigzag salamanders recognize alarm secretions from earthworms as dangerous because of their ecological similarity.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it