Corneal collagen crosslinking with riboflavin and ultraviolet A to treat induced keratectasia after laser in situ keratomileusis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
PURPOSE: To determine whether riboflavin and ultraviolet-A (UVA) corneal crosslinking can be used as an alternative therapy to prevent the progression of keratectasia. SETTING: Institute for Refractive and Ophthalmic Surgery, Zurich, Switzerland, and a private clinic, Athens, Greece. METHODS: Corneal crosslinking was performed in 10 patients with formerly undiagnosed forme fruste keratoconus or pellucid marginal corneal degeneration who had laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) for myopic astigmatism and subsequently developed iatrogenic keratectasia. Surgery was performed in 1 eye per patient. RESULTS: Crosslinking induced by riboflavin and UVA arrested and/or partially reversed keratectasia over a postoperative follow-up of up to 25 months as demonstrated by preoperative and postoperative corneal topography and a reduction in maximum keratometric readings. CONCLUSION: Riboflavin-UVA corneal crosslinking increased the biomechanical stability of the cornea and may thus be a therapeutic means to arrest and partially reverse the progression of LASIK-induced iatrogenic keratectasia.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".