Modeling Lyman Continuum Emission from Young Galaxies
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Based on cosmological simulations, we model Lyman continuum emission from a sample of 11 high-redshift star-forming galaxies spanning a mass range of a factor 20. Each of the 11 galaxies has been simulated both with a Salpeter and a Kroupa initial mass function (IMF). We find that the Lyman continuum luminosity of an average star-forming galaxy in our sample declines from z = 3.6 to 2.4 due to the steady gas infall and higher gas clumping at lower redshifts, increasingly hampering the escape of ionizing radiation. The galaxy-to-galaxy variation of apparent Lyman continuum emission at a fixed redshift is caused in approximately equal parts by the intrinsic variations in the Lyman continuum emission and by orientation effects. The combined scatter of an order of magnitude can explain the variance in the far-UV spectra of high-redshift galaxies detected by Shapley and coworkers. Our results imply that the cosmic galactic ionizing UV luminosity is monotonically decreasing from z = 3.6 to 2.4, curiously anticorrelated with the star formation rate in the smaller galaxies, which on average rises during this redshift interval.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".