Making use of brace overstrength to improve the seismic response of multistorey split-X concentrically braced steel frames
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper presents a study on the inelastic seismic response of multistorey split-X concentrically braced steel frames. Structures with different plan areas and heights are examined for Victoria, British Columbia, and Québec City, Quebec. Structures designed according to current code provisions are found to develop a concentration of inelastic demand over their height, which can lead to dynamic instability. This behaviour was more pronounced for the taller and larger structures located in western Canada. A design method is proposed to mitigate the concentration of inelastic deformations by a proper selection of the bracing members. P–Δ effects also need to be included in the design. Guidelines are also proposed for the accumulation of brace-induced axial loads for column design. Structures up to 12 storeys designed according to the proposed method are found to exhibit a stable inelastic response and storey drifts within acceptable limits.Key words: bracing member, braced steel frame, buckling, instability, seismic, storey drift.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".