Advection and the surface energy balance across an irrigated urban park
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The surface energy balance in an irrigated urban park in suburban Sacramento, CA is observed. Three sites extend from the edge of the park to its centre, along a transect which is aligned with the prevailing wind. Direct measurements of the fluxes of net radiation, soil heat flux and evaporation are made at each site and the convective sensible heat is found by residual. Strong advective effects on evaporation are observed, especially in the afternoon and evening. The driving forces for this are the differences in surface and air temperature, and humidity, between the cool, wet park and its warmer, drier built-up surroundings. The control of the surroundings on park evaporation is demonstrated by comparing values with those from synchronous observations in the surrounding suburbs and at an irrigated sod farm just outside the city. Greatest evaporative enhancement is observed at the upwind edge. Throughout the afternoon evaporation considerably exceeds the net radiation. This is interpreted to be due to the microscale leading-edge effect which appears to be restricted to a fetch of about 20 m. Further into the park evaporation also exceeds the net radiation in the afternoon due to the oasis effect. At all sites the sensible heat flux density in the afternoon is negative. Daily and daytime total evaporation from the park is more than 300% that from the integrated suburban area, and more than 130% that from the irrigated rural grass site. The unlimited water supply and the high temperatures of the park allow it to behave like a wet leaf in that its surface temperature seems to be ‘thermostatically’ controlled—it never rises more than a few degrees above that of the park air and for much of the day is cooler than the park air. Copyright © 2000 Royal Meteorological Society
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".