A Novel Chitosan/Polyvinyl Pyrrolidone (CS/PVP) Three-Dimensional Composite and Its Mechanism of Strength Improvement
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Novel biodegradable three-dimensional (3D) composites with good mechanical properties have been prepared by coagulation of a chitosan/polyvinyl pyrrolidone (CS/PVP) solution in NaOH. For example, the strength and modulus of CS/PVP (1/1) were 82.5 MPa and 1.86 GPa, increasing 237% and 644% compared with CS, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared analysis suggest that the PVP component did not dissolve during the preparation process. The nonsolution of the composites is attributed to the extremely strong hydrogen bonding formed between the CS and PVP macromolecules. It was also found that there are synergistic effects between the formation of hydrogen bonding with PVP and cross-linking with glutaraldehyde (GA) for the improvement in the mechanical properties of CS. The mechanism of strength improvement has been discussed thoroughly from the aspects of free volume.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".