Fire tests to study the effect of pressure relief valve blowdown on the survivability of propane tanks in fires
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract There is a significant variation in the blowdown behavior of the pressure relief valves (PRV) commonly supplied on certain commercial propane tanks. Determining how different pressure relief valve characteristics affect the survivability of a propane tank in a fire and the associated hazards, was the goal of these tests. To determine the effect of PRV blowdown, six 1890 L (500 gallon) propane tanks were exposed to an array of torch fires and thermally ruptured. A computer controlled valve was used to simulate the desired characteristics of a commercial PRV. In all cases the simulated PRV was set to open at 1.9 MPag, and blowdown was varied from 5% to 45%. The impact of the blowdown was determined by observing the nature of the failure, the time to failure, and the energy stored in the liquid and vapor phases at failure. Blast, radiation, and projectile hazards were also observed and recorded in order to determine the impact blowdown has on these pressure vessel failure hazards. An important finding of this testing is that the blowdown setting does impact the tank's survivability. It was consistently observed that large blowdown resulted in delayed failure. As a result, the PRV was open for a longer time, with a resulting reduction in hazards because of the lower fill at failure. This is believed to happen because of the lower average stress state in the tank with increased blowdown.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it