Current Utilization of Continuous End-Tidal Carbon Dioxide Monitoring in Pediatric Emergency Departments
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: End-tidal carbon dioxide (ETCO2) monitoring has numerous clinical applications in the emergency setting. This study was designed to explore the current availability and utilization patterns for continuous ETCO2 monitoring in pediatric emergency departments. METHODS: A Web-based survey was distributed to directors of all accredited pediatric emergency medicine fellowship programs in the United States and Canada. RESULTS: Eighty-one percent of directors completed this survey. Eighty-eight percent had access to ETCO2 monitoring for intubated patients and 53% for nonintubated patients. Seventy-nine percent of respondents used ETCO2 monitoring "always" or "often" for endotracheal tube confirmation. Only 20% of respondents used ETCO2 monitoring "always" or "often" for moderate sedation, 16% for trauma, and 6% for acid-base disturbances. One hundred percent of respondents who used ETCO2 monitoring felt that it was easy to use. The most common reason for not using ETCO2 monitoring was lack of equipment (65%). CONCLUSIONS: ETCO2 monitoring is widely available, yet underutilized, for spontaneously breathing patients in pediatric emergency departments.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".