Need Structure, Leisure Motivation, and Psychosocial Adjustment Among Young Offenders and High School Students
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The Personality Research Form-E (PRF-E; 20 need structure scales), the Holden Psychological Screening Inventory (HPSI; 3 psychosocial adjustment scales), and the Leisure Motivation Scale (LMS; 4 leisure motivation scales) were administered to 60 young offenders and 50 high school students. Significant between sample differences in means resulted for the HPSI Psychiatric, Social, and Depression Symptomatology scales; the PRF-E Affiliation, Aggression, Autonomy, and Harm Avoidance content scales; and the LMS Social scale. Statistically significant correlations resulted between the LMS and 19 of the 20 PRF-E content scales as well as the HPSI Depression and Social Symptomatology scales. It is concluded that young offenders, as compared to high school students, are significantly less well adjusted and have different leisure motivations and personality needs. It is likely that need structure impacts directly on psychosocial adjustment as well as indirectly through leisure motivation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".