One‐decade trend analysis of stratospheric BrO over Harestua (60°N) and Lauder (45°S) reveals a decline
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A trend analysis is performed of stratospheric BrO from ground‐based UV‐visible observations at Harestua (60°N, 11°E) and Lauder (45°S, 170°E) from 1995 through 2005. At both stations, a positive trend of about +2.5% per year is found for the 1995–2001 period, while a negative trend of about −1% per year is obtained between 2001 and 2005. Given a mean age of air of about 4 ± 1 years, the decline in stratospheric bromine since 2002 follows the decline of tropospheric organic bromine observed since the second half of 1998, as a result of the Montreal Protocol. These findings confirm that the impact of the Montreal Protocol restrictions on brominated substances have now reached the stratosphere. From our study, we have also derived a contribution of 6 ± 4 ppt of the brominated very short‐lived substances and inorganic bromine tropospheric sources to the total bromine loading.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".