Laboratory P- and S-wave measurements of a reconstituted muddy sediment with comparison to card-house theory
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Laboratory measurements of acoustic wave propagation in a reconstituted kaolinite-based mud were performed. Pairs of ultrasonic transducers and bender elements were immersed in the sediment to transmit and receive compressional and shear waves, respectively. Estimates of wave speeds and attenuations were acquired by analyzing waveforms recorded at several transmitter/receiver separation distances. Measured wave speeds were in good agreement with predicted values from the Mallock-Wood equation for compressional wave speed and card-house theory for shear wave speed. To the knowledge of the authors, no comparison exists between shear wave speeds measured in a controlled laboratory setting and the card-house theory. Power law fits were obtained from the attenuation data to determine the frequency dependence, with f(0.73) for compressional waves in the 60 to 110 kHz range and f(1.46) for shear waves in the 100 to 400 Hz range.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".