FROM BECOMING TO BEING: MEASURING FIRM CREATION
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Over the past decade, research efforts to address a lack of knowledge concerning the process of firm formation have intensified. Surprisingly, though, measurement of the primary dependent variable has been ignored. In aiming to establish a basis for measuring firm creation, we identify and address three critical deficiencies in the literature: a lack of definition, inappropriate theoretical underpinnings, and, weaknesses in the research design. Beginning with a general meaning of the term 'new firm,' we use a process-oriented event-driven theoretical perspective to propose an operational definition consisting of three key dimensions: recency or newness, a form of organization, and sales. The appropriateness of our proposed multidimensional measure (that also assesses a firm's sustainability) is explored as part of a larger research project studying Canadian nascent entrepreneurs. As members of the Entrepreneurial Research Consortium (ERC) we use standardized methods to identify and track these nascent entrepreneurs over a four year period. Since the research was designed with a capacity to test different theoretical perspectives, the instruments contain a range of items that have been used as indicators of start-up. A comparison of the proposed measure to selected single item measures indicates, among other things, that making the transition from becoming to 'being' a new firm involves meeting two key criteria: being newly operational and being sustainable. Implications, limitations, and suggestions for future research are discussed.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it