Bibliographic record
Abstract
You’ve been hoodwinked. You’ve been had. You’ve been took. You’ve been led astray, led amok. You’ve been bamboozled. Malcolm XAs the means by which to examine some of the residual psychological and social effects of colonialism in the current social interactions between the dominant white culture and black culture in the United States, I will argue in this essay that Spike Lee’s fifteenth film Bamboozled (released in October 2000) confronts its audiences with the continuing but unacknowledged consequences of minstrelsy and mimicry in the United States as a postcolonialist slave society. My argument will precede from Tania Modleski who asks, Is it not the case that the threat of monstrosity – that is, of black monstrosity – has been present all along in ... film as a consequence of the decision to make it an allegory rather than to treat the situation of blacks directly? And has not the tendency of films from the very early days of cinema to cast white people in black face served a similar function – i.e., to suggest that blackness may be so monstrous it can only be signified but not directly represented? (118) Modleski argues that we need to examine “the function of mimicry on the part of the colonized people,” as well as “the function of minstrelsy” in the “life and art of the colonizer” (119). Toni Morrison has also called for studies that examine “the impact of racism on those who perpetuate it” (11). Minstrelsy, as a manifestation of a colonialist slave system and its racist aftermath, is “a method by which [whites] may disavow – acknowledge and at the same time deny – difference at the level of the body; as a process of fetishism, it seeks ... to restore the wholeness and unity threatened by the sight of difference ... The concept of fetishism enables us to understand why minstrelsy has never really died out” (119). Moreover, as Luce Irigaray has argued about gender – an argument that is also applicable to race – “the fetish is precisely the means whereby [the] ‘lack’” that is both the cause and effect of the (mis)recognition of difference allows for the perpetuation of what she calls a “‘multiple belief’[that] serves to support the wildly divergent stereotypical associations that accrue around the fetishized body” (Modleski 119–20).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.017 | 0.007 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.006 | 0.004 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.007 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".