<i>Subanguina radicicola</i>, the Root-Gall Nematode Infecting <i>Poa annua</i> in New Brunswick, Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Poa annua frequently is found as the dominant turfgrass species on golf course putting greens grown in the range of cool-season grasses. While not intentionally established, it is an aggressive weed in stands of bentgrasses (Agrostis spp.). When significant encroachment of P. annua occurs, it often is maintained indefinitely. In May 2003, P. annua putting greens at the Riverside Country Club in Rothesay, New Brunswick, Canada showed signs of an unidentified disease. Putting greens were slow to green up and large chlorotic patches were evident across affected areas. When roots were examined, extensive galling was observed. Galls were slender and often twisted in appearance. Upon dissection of washed galls, hundreds of eggs were exuded into the surrounding water droplet, and mature male and female nematodes were observed. Further morphological examination of males, females, and juvenile nematodes demonstrated that they were Subanguina radicicola (Greef 1872) Paramanov 1967 (1,2). Each P. annua plant had an average of four galls (with a range of two to nine) primarily located within the uppermost centimeter of the soil. Of 18 P. annua putting greens, four were affected by the nematode and displayed the same damage symptoms. S. radicicola has been identified from American beachgrass in Rhode Island and from P. annua in Oregon, but to our knowledge, this is the first report of the nematode affecting P. annua on a golf course in eastern North America. References: (1) W. F. Mai and P. Mullin. Plant-Parasitic Nematodes: A Pictorial Key to Genera. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, New York, 1996. (2) G. Thorne. Principles of Nematology. McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc., New York, 1961.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".