Characterization of Polymeric Wheat Proteins by Flow Field‐Flow Fractionation/MALLS
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Flow field‐flow fractionation (FFF) combined with multiangle laser light scattering (MALLS) was used to investigate the size properties of monomeric and polymeric wheat flour protein fractions from common and durum wheat flours obtained by sequential extraction with dilute acetic acid with and without sonication. The major FFF peak obtained for the monomeric protein fraction showed M w values in the 31,000–33,000 range plus some larger monomeric and smaller polymeric protein eluting later in the fractogram. The major peak in the polymeric protein fraction showed M w values in the 300,000 range. At later elution times, M w values for the polymeric proteins approached 10,000,000. Radius of gyration values showed relatively small changes for the polymeric protein fraction with increasing elution time, suggesting that the larger M w proteins tend towards a more compact structure than smaller M w polymeric proteins.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".