Axial Crush Drop Tower Testing of Hydroformed Sections
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This report summarizes the drop tower testing of initially circular straight aluminum tubes that had been hydroformed to a square section with round corners. Drop tower test conditions and test setup were determined for the AlMg3.5Mn aluminum alloy circular (76.2 mm outside diameter) tubes of either 2.0 or 3.5 mm thickness, which had been hydroformed into a square tube with corner radii of 38.1 (unformed), 33, 30, 27 and 24 mm. To initiate test setup, theoretical equations were found to be reasonable indicators of displacement and load cell requirements. Four-lobe symmetric modes were found for the square tubes, and three-lobe asymmetric modes for the circular tubes. The number of folding half-waves of seven for 3.5 mm tubes, and thirteen for 2 mm tubes, was generally overpredicted by theory. Aluminum end plates that were welded onto the tube ends allowed for fast test setup, but may have resulted in some sliding and tipping of the drop tower. The tubes were found to have decreasing average crush force with smaller corner radii, esp. for the 3.5 mm thick tubes.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".