Bibliographic record
Abstract
It has become conventional in northern Plains archaeology to recognize an Avonlea phase, based on the presence of delicate, well-formed side-notched arrow points, mainly of the Timber Ridge Side Notched type. Over the past few decades, information regarding the associated pottery has slowly accumulated, allowing us to recognize three main wares: net/jabric-impressed, parallelgrooved, and cord-roughened. In this paper, we move away from the concept of a single Avonlea phase, returning to the original idea of Avonlea as a horizon. In so doing, we emphasize regional concentrations of certain pottery wares as the basis for the recognition of particular phases within the Avonlea horizon. It is apparent that some of these pottery wares are also present to the east in Minnesota and adjacent southern Manitoba and northeastern North Dakota. In particular, the netimpressed ware has an Early Woodland presence there. It is postulated, therefore, that most of the Avonlea wares had their origins in this more easterly region, although the impetus behind their westward spread and the manner in which this occurred remain in question.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.017 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.006 | 0.007 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".