Determination of Biot's Effective-Stress Coefficient for Permeability of Nikanassin Sandstone
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Summary In Alberta and British Columbia, a huge amount of tight gas is trapped inrelatively low-permeability rock formations. Physical fracturing of theseformations could enhance the overall formation permeability and thus improvetight gas extraction. One of the outstanding issues in rock fracturing is todetermine the magnitude of applied effective stress. The generaleffective-stress law is defined as seff =sc - asp, where sc andsp are total confining stress and fluid pore pressure,respectively. Each physical quantity of rock responds to total stress and porepressure in a different way, and thus each quantity has its own unique Biot'seffective-stress coefficient. The main objective of this study is toexperimentally determine the Biot's coefficient for permeability of Nikanassinsandstone. A series of permeability measurements was conducted on Nikanassinsandstone core samples from the Lick Creek region in British Columbia undervarious combinations of confining stress and pore pressure. In addition,permeability values were measured both along and across bedding planes toinvestigate any anisotropy in the Biot's coefficient.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".