Bibliographic record
Abstract
Microtubules are key components of the cytoskeleton and perform a variety of functions, including chromosome movement during cell division, intracellular transport of materials, movement of organelles and intracellular tracking. A combination of essential and up-to-date methods is needed for investigating the biology of microtubules and understanding the mechanisms of microtubule-drug interaction. Coupled cytosol-microtubule mechanical vibrations of microtubules are studied in this article. Such investigations provide helpful insights on the functional mechanisms of microtubules and their interactions with other proteins and drugs. The viscous cytosol and the microtubule are coupled through the continuity condition across the microtubule-cytosol interface. The stress field in the cytosol induced by vibrating microtubule is analytically determined and the coupled circumferential vibrations of the cytosol-microtubule system are investigated by developing a coupled polynomial eigenvalue problem. Finally, the variations of vibration frequencies of a coupled system with cytosol dynamic viscosity, and microtubule circumferential Young's modulus are examined. Furthermore, the validity of the present analysis is confirmed by comparing the results with those obtained from the literature.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".