Low temperature crystallization of germanium on plastic by externally applied compressive stress
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The conventional Cu-induced crystallization of a-Ge has been facilitated by different types of external stress mechanically applied to the flexible substrate. It has been observed that in the case of compressive stress, crystallization becomes possible at temperatures as low as 130 °C and evolves as stress becomes more stringent. High electrical conductance and a hole mobility of 110 cm2/V s show the crystallinity of the Ge film, further confirmed by x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy analyses. The temperature of the annealing process (between 130 and 180 °C) expedites the process (from 6 to 1 h) as it is increased, but the principal mechanism seems to be independent of temperature. Temperatures higher than 180 °C are detrimental to the plastic substrate, polyethylene terephthalate. Evolution of cracks in Ge layer has been studied as the main consequence of the interfacial stress between Ge layer and substrate. The crack density was minimized by patterning the a-Ge layer before annealing. The main explanation of the physical phenomenon accounting for crystallization is believed to be the externally applied compressive stress, which reinforces the inherently present internal stress between the layer and the substrate.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".