Several ways to simulate time dependent liquid junction potentials by finite differences
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Several ways of simulating time-dependent migration effects at an electrolytic liquid junction are explored, for a simple uni-univalent electrolyte, both with the full Nernst-Planck-Poisson (NPP) equation set and the reduced set from the electroneutrality condition (ENC) assumption. Using the NPP approach, the system can be simulated using all three variables (method AB ψ ), the two concentrations and the potential, or the two concentrations and the potential field (method ABE ), or in principle by substituting for the potential field, thereby reducing to the two concentration variables (method AB ). The two first methods are about equally efficient, whereas the latter method is seen to be quite inaccurate. Results at long times compare very well with the Henderson equation. Using the full NPP set, junction potentials are time-dependent but not when applying the ENC, where the potential rises to the Henderson value immediately. Results for KCl and HCl are presented, with left/right concentration ratios equal to 0.1 in both cases.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.007 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".