Preparation and characterization of inulin ester microspheres as drug carriers
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Acetylated and succinoylated inulin were synthesized by reacting inulin with acetic anhydride and succinic anhydride. The modified inulin was characterized by FTIR, NMR, and potentiometric titration. The compositional dependence of their properties, such as solubility, pKa, and melting point, was investigated. The results reveal that the solubility of the inulin derivatives in pH 7.4 buffer solution increases with the succinyl content, varying from negligible for fully acetylated inulin to over 54% for fully succinoylated inulin, whereas the corresponding pKa of the inulin derivatives decreases with increasing succinyl content. In addition, the melting point is lowered by acetylation and/or succinoylation. The influence of pH and ionic strength on the solubility of inulin acetate succinate was also studied. The solubility increases dramatically as the pH value approaches that of the pKa. Interestingly, in pH 7.4 buffer solutions of varying ionic strength, a maximum solubility appears at an ionic strength of 0.15M. This is interpreted as a result of a balance of the ion exchange process and the double layer suppression. Microspheres of inulin acetate and inulin acetate succinate with and without drug were prepared by the solvent precipitation method. Cationic compounds, chlorhexidine and chymotripsin, were used as model drugs. The size and morphology of microspheres were determined by scanning electron microscope. The microspheres range in diameters from 0.5 to 4 μm for inulin acetate and inulin/chymotripsin microspheres, and from 90 to 130 μm for inulin acetate/chlorhexindine microspheres. The cross-section of the microspheres exhibits a porous interior. Preliminary results show that the microspheres are able to release the incorporated drugs for an extended period of time. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 77: 833–840, 2000
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it