Physiological and behavioural responses of female mountain white-crowned sparrows to natal- and foreign-dialect songs
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the effect of early song learning on physiological and behavioural responses to song in adulthood in female mountain white-crowned sparrows (Zonotrichia leucophrys oriantha). Juvenile females were captured before they had dispersed from their natal region. In experiment 1, natal-dialect song, foreign-dialect song, and heterospecific song were played back to the birds during photostimulation when they were 1 year old and physiological responses were measured. The physiological responses (luteinizing hormone and ovarian growth) did not indicate that natal-dialect song was more stimulating than foreign-dialect song. In experiment 2, behavioural responses (solicitation displays) to the same songs were measured when the birds were 2 years old. The birds showed a clear preference for natal-dialect song, exhibiting more displays to natal-dialect song than to foreign-dialect or heterospecific song. This effect was attenuated in birds that had heard heterospecific or foreign-dialect song when they were 1 year old. These results indicate a dissociation between behavioural preferences and longer-term physiological responses to song. Although there was a behavioural preference for natal-dialect song, this did not translate into enhanced physiological response as measured here. Moreover, natal dialect song preferences may be attenuated by adult experience.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".