Securing modbus transactions using hash-based message authentication codes and stream transmission control protocol
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Traditionally supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) networks were physically isolated, providing some inherent level of security; yet, as these networks slowly converged with both corporate intranets and the Internet, their security continually eroded. The gradual evolution of SCADA systems has introduced many novel and previously unknown security risks. During the advent of SCADA technologies, a heavy focus was put on providing system robustness, safety, and reliability. Because of this, widely deployed SCADA protocols like Modbus and DNP3 provide no inherent security controls. In this paper, we will propose a novel Modbus alternative capable of providing secure, backward-compatible Modbus message transmission using stream control transmission protocol and hash-based message authentication code technologies. This proposed protocol improvement ensures the availability and integrity of Modbus messages while providing a robust and secure mutual authentication mechanism. Improvements upon the legacy Modbus protocol aim to mitigate common SCADA protocol attack vectors.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".