Acute cadmium biotic ligand model characteristics of laboratory-reared and wild yellow perch (<i>Perca flavescens</i>) relative to rainbow trout (<i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i>)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study evaluated the >400-fold tolerance to acute waterborne Cd of a metal-tolerant fish, yellow perch (YP, Perca flavescens), relative to a sensitive model fish, rainbow trout (RBT, Oncorhynchus mykiss), from the perspective of the acute Cd biotic ligand model (BLM). Three-hour gill binding characteristics for Cd and its competitor, Ca, in both species exhibited only small quantitative differences, but gill Cd accumulations at 3 h and 24 h, which were associated with 50% lethality at 96 h (3- and 24-h LA50s), were 52- to 60-fold higher in YP relative to RBT. However, the acute Cd BLM cannot be extended from RBT to YP by simple adjustments of LA50 values because unlike RBT, in YP, LA50s (3 and 24 h) were 26- to 47-fold greater than the capacity of the characterized set of Cd-binding sites. Moreover, 3-h gill Ca and Cd binding characteristics in wild YP, collected from one clean (Geneva) and two metal-contaminated softwater lakes (Hannah and Whitson) around Sudbury region, northern Ontario, revealed that chronic waterborne factors like hardness and Cd preexposure can influence both Cd and Ca binding in fish gills and could have major implications for the future refinement of the acute Cd BLM approach.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".