Comparative Kinetics and Thermal Behavior: The Study of Crude Oils Derived from Fosterton and Neilburg Fields of Saskatchewan
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Pyrolysis and combustion characteristics of two different crude oil samples obtained from Fosterton (medium oil) and Neilburg (heavy oil) fields in Saskatchewan were studied and compared using the results of thermogravimetry (TG) and differential thermogravimetry (DTG) analyses. In addition, the properties of whole oil and asphaltene were determined by means of proximate and ultimate analyses. The analyses indicate that asphaltene from both Fosterton and Neilburg fields has a lower volatile matter and ash content as well as higher fixed carbon values when compared to the values of the respective whole oil. From the elemental analysis, it was determined that the H/C ratio is approximately the same for both reservoirs whole oil and asphaltenes. The reaction region, peak, and burnout temperatures of the samples were also determined. The Arrhenius equation provides kinetic data: activation energy, pre-exponential factor, and order of the reaction. The kinetic analysis showed similar activation energy for the combustion of coke produced from Neilburg and Fosterton oils, as 129.5 and 127 kJ/mol, respectively. The activation energy for Neilburg and Fosterton asphaltenes were 117.7 and 93.46 kJ/mol, respectively.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".