Topographic amplitude dependence of internal wave generation by tidal forcing over idealized three‐dimensional topography
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This numerical study using the Princeton Ocean Model investigates the conversion of energy from an eastward propagating surface tide to the internal wave field as an oscillating tidal current flows over and around idealized three‐dimensional Gaussian seamounts. In particular, the relationship between the energy flux in the internal wave field and the height of the topography is explored using a range of horizontal aspect ratios. In agreement with theory, the energy flux is found to increase as the square of the topographic amplitude ho for subcritical topography. For supercritical topographies the functional relationship is more complex aspect ratio dependent. It increases more rapidly than ho2 for near‐critical topography. For larger circular seamounts the energy flux increases much more slowly, with the rate of increase dropping with amplitude. As the seamounts are elongated in the cross‐tidal wave (north‐south) direction the energy flux increases more rapidly with height and, for a two‐dimensional ridge, increases as approximately ho2.2. The directional dependence of the energy flux also depends on the aspect ratio and amplitude of the seamount. For circular seamounts, energy flux has its maximum in directions between 20° and 45° counterclockwise from the east‐west axis (Northern Hemisphere). For elongated seamounts the energy flux is directed in the east‐west direction.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".