LOGS AS REFUGES FROM FUNGAL PATHOGENS FOR SEEDS OF EASTERN HEMLOCK (TSUGA CANADENSIS)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The importance of fallen logs as recruitment sites for seedlings of some forest trees commonly is explained by the hospitable physical conditions such nurse logs provide. We used fungicide treatments to test whether logs also provide a refuge from pathogenic soil fungi for seeds of eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis). We tested two seedlots. For one seedlot, fungicide significantly improved survival of seeds in the soil, while seeds in logs were unaffected. This suggests that logs provide a refuge from pathogenic soil fungi. For the second seedlot, fungicide did not significantly improve survival either in logs or in soil, even though survival of control seeds was significantly lower in soil. This suggests that factors other than fungi must contribute to the success of seedlings on logs. Together, these results indicate that logs provide both physical and biotic benefits to seeds of eastern hemlock. When pathogens are important, logs provide enemy-free space; when risks from pathogens are low, logs still provide an improved physical environment.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".