Scavenging of Nickel(II) from Aqueous Wastes by Adsorption with Granular Activated Carbon (GAC)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Due to explosive growth of industrial and agricultural activities, there is rise in pollutants in water including heavy metals and toxic elements. In light of increasing pollution load of environment it is imperative to address this problem by different approaches and means.Of the numerous unit processes, evaluated to control pollution, to a degree, adsorption by GAC is one of the best available broad spectrum technologies. Scavenging of a precious metal such as Nickel, present in aqueous systems can be carried out with or without use of carrier such as 8-hydroxyquinoline (Oxine) and its derivatives on various grades of as received activated carbons. The carrier improves uptake of metal ions by GAC. The adsorption process agrees with the Langmuir and Freundlich models and also obeys pseudo-second order kinetics.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".