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EFICÁCIA DO FLUTRIAFOL E DO FLUTRIAFOL + TIOFANATO METÍLICO APLICADOS COM GOTAS FINAS OU MÉDIAS NO CONTROLE DA FERRUGEM ASIÁTICA DA SOJA

2011· article· pt· W1999801176 on OpenAlexaff
Maria Aparecida Peres-Oliveira, Ulisses R. Antuniassi

Bibliographic record

VenueENERGIA NA AGRICULTURA · 2011
Typearticle
Languagept
FieldAgricultural and Biological Sciences
TopicGrowth and nutrition in plants
Canadian institutionsDiscovery Air (Canada)
Fundersnot available
KeywordsHorticultureBiologyPhysics

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

O presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a influência da tecnologia de aplicação com o uso de gotas finas e médias no efeito residual dos fungicidas flutriafol e tiofanato metílico + flutriafol para o controle da ferrugem da soja (Phakopsora pachyrhizi Sydow & Sydow). O delineamento experimental adotado foi em esquema fatorial 2 x 2 com 6 repetições, resultando em 4 tratamentos nas seguintes interações: 2 classes de gotas (finas e médias) e 2 fungicidas. A área experimental constituiu-se de 24 parcelas de aplicação (50 m x 21 m). Dentro de cada parcela foi posicionada uma área de avaliação central com 10 x 20 m. Para cada parcela de avaliação havia uma testemunha não tratada fora da área aplicada (com as mesmas dimensões), localizada em direção oposta ao deslocamento do vento no momento da aplicação. As avaliações da eficiência dos tratamentos no controle da doença foram feitas mediante cálculo da incidência (porcentagem de plantas com ferrugem), severidade (intensidade ou níveis de infecção), desfolha (porcentagem de queda de folhas) e produtividade (pesagem das sementes das parcelas). Para cada uma das análises, as médias dos resultados foram comparados pelo cálculo do intervalo de confiança à 90%. Com base nos dados de cada repetição e de suas respectivas testemunhas, foram calculados os percentuais de redução da severidade da ferrugem. O ensaio foi realizado em condições de controle curativo sendo que a ferrugem estava presente na área com média de 68,6% de infestação, com severidade média de 35,9% no terço inferior e 4,57% no terço superior. Os resultados de severidade, desfolha e produtividade mostraram que não houve diferenças estatísticas significativas entre os tratamentos. Entretanto, observou-se de maneira geral que em todos os dados houve tendência de melhores resultados para as aplicações com flutriafol, em comparação às aplicações com flutriafol + tiofanato metílico. Neste sentido, existe diferença no que se refere à dose proposta do princípio ativo flutriafol entre os tratamentos (62,5 g ha-1 para o flutriafol e 60 g ha-1 para o tiofanato metílico + flutriafol), mas a mesma é pequena. Não foram observadas diferenças significativas entre as aplicações com gotas finas e médias. Este fato pode ser explicado tanto pelas características de ação sistêmica do flutriafol como pelo tipo de controle realizado (curativo). O flutriafol, sendo um fungicida sistêmico, apresenta redistribuição dentro de cada folha, reduzindo o efeito de melhor cobertura gerado pelas gotas mais finas. No que se refere ao controle curativo, a quantidade de produto depositado pode se tornar mais importante do que a cobertura, principalmente nas folhas da parte superior das plantas. Estas folhas estão mais sadias do que as inferiores, que geralmente são as primeiras a ficarem totalmente comprometidas, perdendo assim a importância na manutenção do desenvolvimento da planta. Por este motivo, as gotas médias acabam oferecendo um desempenho semelhante, apesar de não oferecer vantagens na cobertura das folhas da parte inferior das plantas. Este fato se torna importante, pois, na prática, as gotas médias estendem o período de trabalho na propriedade, visto que as gotas finas e muito finas têm muitas limitações, dentre elas, problemas de deriva e evaporação. Palavras-chave: Pulverização, fungicida, pontas, gotas, tecnologia de aplicação. EFFICACY OF FLUTRIAFOL AND FLUTRIAFOL + THIOPHANATE METHYL SPRAYED WITH FINE OR MEDIUM DROPLETS FOR THE CONTROL OF ASIAN SOYBEAN RUST SUMMARY: The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of fine and medium droplets in the performance of flutriafol and thiophanate methyl + flutriafol for the control of Asian Soybean Rust (Phakopsora pachyrhizi Sydow & Sydow). The experiment was a 2 x 2 factorial design (2 droplet sizes x 2 fungicides) resulting in four treatments with six replications. The experimental area was set up with 24 plots (50 x 21 m). In each plot there was a central assessment area with 10 x 20 m. To the each plot there was a non-treated area placed in opposed direction to the wind. The evaluations of rust control were made by of the calculation of incidence (percentage of plants with rust), severity (level of infection), defoliations and soybean yield. The results were analyzed by the calculation of the confidence interval at 90%. The study was set up in curative control conditions with average infestation of 68.6%, average severity in the lower part of the canopy was of 35.9% and on the upper parte it was 4.57%. The results of severity, defoliation and productivity did not show statistical difference among the treatments. However, it was observed that in general there was tendency of better results with the application of flutriafol alone comparing with thiophanate methyl + flutriafol, since there was a small difference between two commercial products in the flutriafol active ingredient content (62.5 g ha-1 to the flutriafol alone and 60 g ha-1 to the thiophanate methyl + flutriafol). There was no statistical difference between fine and medium droplets. This fact can be explained by the characteristics of systemic action of the flutriafol and by the type of control made (curative). The flutriafol, being a systemic fungicide is less sensitive to the better coverage provided by the smaller droplets and, on the curative control, the amount of product deposited can became more import than coverage, mainly on the superior part of the leaves. These leaves are healthier than the inferior leaves that in general are the first to become completely compromised by the rust, losing importance to the plant. By this reason, medium droplets appear to have offered similar performance even not offering advantages in the leaf coverage. This fact may become important because in the practical side of the use of medium droplets, since this may increase the amount of time to spray, mainly because the fine and very fine droplets have more limitations related to drift and evaporation. Keywords: Spray, fungicide, nozzle, droplets, application technology.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.001
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesMeta-epidemiology (narrow), Science and technology studies, Scholarly communication, Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)
Consensus categoriesMeta-epidemiology (narrow), Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Not applicable · Consensus signal: Not applicable
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.356
Threshold uncertainty score1.000

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0010.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0020.001
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0020.001
Bibliometrics0.0000.002
Science and technology studies0.0020.000
Scholarly communication0.0010.001
Open science0.0020.001
Research integrity0.0010.001
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0060.005

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.053
GPT teacher head0.241
Teacher spread0.188 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.

Study designNot applicable
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

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Citations3
Published2011
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes

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