Molecular Detection of Bacteria Producing Newer Types of β-Lactamases
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In Gram-negative pathogens, β-lactamase production remains the most important contributing factor to β- lactam resistance. β-lactamases are bacterial enzymes that inactivate β-lactam antibiotics by hydrolysis, which results in ineffective compounds. The three major groups usually referred to as the newer β-lactamases are plasmid-mediated AmpC enzymes, extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) and carbapenem-hydrolyzing enzymes (including metallo-β- lactamases [MBLs]). Molecular methods that include simple and multiplex PCR, real-time PCR, DNA sequencing and various hybridization-based techniques are used widely in research and reference laboratories for the detection of organisms producing newer β-lactamases. The routine screening in clinical diagnostic laboratories of organisms producing TEM, SHV and OXA types of ESBLs using genotypic methods remains problematic, while the detection of CTX-Ms, plasmid-mediated AmpCs and MBLs shows clinical usefulness. Molecular methods have advantages over phenotypic tests by accurately detecting resistant genes in a rapid fashion and by defining the precise genetic basis of the resistance mechanism providing important information valuable to the early introduction of infection control practices. Molecular assays have the potential to complement conventional phenotypic susceptibility techniques and impact directly on patient care. Keywords: Molecular assays, detection, extended-spectrum β-lactamases, plasmid-mediated AmpC β-lactamases, metallo-β-lactamases
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it