<i>Song wennuan</i> , ‘sending warmth’: Unemployment, new urban poverty, and the affective state in China
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The article examines the emerging welfare state in China through an analysis of the poverty-relief program of song wennuan, which sends the ‘warmth’ of the party in the form of gift to unemployed workers. In addition to material support, song wennuan which is imbued with psychologically infused ideologies and practice prescribes particular emotions and thought processes to and for the poor. Unlike the Western therapeutic (welfare) state which normalizes the marginalized, song wennuan nurtures the poor to highlight the benevolence of an affective state. This program thus transforms the poor from subjects with rights to objects of care, translating the exercise of power into an affective and therapeutic activity. Such affective measures patch up political and economic ‘wounds’ caused by economic restructuring and legitimate the ruling party’s continued existence in the market economy.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".