Horizontal Injectors Rejuvenate Mature Miscible Flood - South Swan Hills Field
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The South Swan Hills Unit, located in north-western Alberta, is a carbonate reef with an original-oil-in-place (OOIP) of approximately 850 MM bbl. Waterflooding was begun in the field during the 1960s, and a staged hydrocarbon miscible flood was begun during the 1970s. Chase gas injection was terminated in the mid-1990s. In 1994, however, miscible flooding was reinitiated in the reef margin area of the field using horizontal injectors and reduced well spacing. The reef margin is an area of thick, stacked pay that experienced high gravity override during the original miscible flood. Four patterns have been developed to date. The two earliest patterns have now completed solvent injection and are on chase waterflood. They have both recovered between 800 M bbl and 900 M bbl of incremental oil per pattern (more than 10% of pattern OOIP) from areas which were part of the original miscible flood. This paper will detail the past history of the pool under miscible flood, the redevelopment of the reef margin area using horizontal miscible injectors, and the performance of the four patterns implemented to date. The factors that have made this redevelopment successful, and their impact on field production, will also be discussed. Finally, plans for future development of this mature field will also be discussed.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".