Response to fire of concrete structures that incorporate FRP
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract After more than twenty years of research investigating fibre‐reinforced polymers (FRPs) for reinforcing and strengthening concrete structures, FRPs are now widely recognized as useful materials in the ongoing struggle against infrastructure deterioration. However, applications of FRPs in the field have been limited primarily to bridges, where fire is not a primary consideration during design. Because FRP materials are combustible and susceptible to deterioration of mechanical and bond properties at only modestly elevated temperatures, there is legitimate concern that FRP reinforcing and strengthening systems for concrete will perform poorly in fire. This paper presents a review of research conducted to investigate the fire performance of FRP materials for infrastructure applications. Also presented is an overview of an ongoing research program that is currently underway at Queen's University and the National Research Council of Canada (NRC) to investigate the performance in fire of FRP‐strengthened reinforced concrete slabs, beams, and columns. This work has demonstrated that FRP strengthened concrete structures can be protected to provide sufficient fire endurance. Recommendations for future research are provided. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".