Degradation of Hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) Using Zerovalent Iron Nanoparticles
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) is a common contaminant of soil and water at military facilities. The present study describes degradation of RDX with zerovalent iron nanoparticles (ZVINs) in water in the presence or absence of a stabilizer additive such as carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) or poly(acrylic acid) (PAA). The rates of RDX degradation in solution followed this order CMC-ZVINs > PAA-ZVINs > ZVINs with k1 values of 0.816 +/- 0.067, 0.082 +/- 0.002, and 0.019 +/- 0.002 min(-1), respectively. The disappearance of RDX was accompanied by the formation of formaldehyde, nitrogen, nitrite, ammonium, nitrous oxide, and hydrazine by the intermediary formation of methylenedinitramine (MEDINA), MNX (hexahydro-1-nitroso-3,5-dinitro-1,3,5-triazine), DNX (hexahydro-1,3-dinitroso-5-nitro-1,3,5-triazine), TNX (hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitroso-1,3,5-triazine). When either of the reduced RDX products (MNX or TNX) was treated with ZVINs we observed nitrite (from MNX only), NO (from TNX only), N2O, NH4+, NH2NH2 and HCHO. In the case of TNX we observed a new key product that we tentatively identified as 1,3-dinitroso-5-hydro-1,3,5-triazacyclo-hexane. However, we were unable to detect the equivalent denitrohydrogenated product of RDX and MNX degradation. Finally, during MNX degradation we detected a new intermediate identified as N-nitroso-methylenenitramine (ONNHCH2NHNO2), the equivalentof methylenedinitramine formed upon denitration of RDX. Experimental evidence gathered thus far suggested that ZVINs degraded RDX and MNX via initial denitration and sequential reduction to the corresponding nitroso derivatives prior to completed decomposition but degraded TNX exclusively via initial cleavage of the N-NO bond(s).
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it