Peripheral neuropathy in lentivirus infection
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: As distal sensory polyneuropathy (DSP) is a major neurological complication of HIV-1 infection, we investigated the extent of peripheral nervous system disease in animals infected with the lentivirus, feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV), because it causes neurological disease and immunosuppression in cats similar to HIV-1 in humans. METHODS: After infection with a neurovirulent FIV molecular clone, neurobehavioral testing, nerve morphology, viral detection and load measurements were performed. RESULTS: Neurobehavioral studies showed delayed withdrawal in response to a noxious stimulus among FIV-infected animals compared with sham-infected controls (P < 0.05). Dorsal root ganglia and sciatic nerves from FIV-infected ammals showed activated macrophages that were increased in number and size compared with controls. In addition, TNF-alpha messenger RNA was detectable in most nerves and spinal cords from the FIV-infected group, but was infrequently detected in controls. Viral RNA copy numbers in plasma and sciatic nerves were detectable in all FIV-infected animals at high levels. Studies of sural nerves identified myelinated fiber atrophy in 12-week FIV-infected animals compared with age-matched control animals, which was accompanied by reduced myelin sheath thickness (P < 0.05). The footpads of FIV-infected animals displayed reduced intraepidermal fiber density compared with control animals (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: FIV infection results in the rapid onset of peripheral neuropathy, defined by axonal injury and macrophage activation, together with abundant virus within the nerve, indicating that it may serve as a model of HIV-related DSP.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.003 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".