Hamiltonian treatment of the electromagnetic field in dispersive and absorptive structured media
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We introduce a Hamiltonian formulation of electromagnetic fields in dispersive and absorptive structured media of arbitrary dimensionality; the Kramers-Kronig relations are satisfied by construction. Our method is based on an identification of the photonic component of the polariton modes of the system. Although the medium degrees of freedom are introduced in an oscillator model, only the susceptibility of the medium appears in the derived eigenvalue equation for the polaritons; the theory is applicable to both classical and quantum optics. A discrete polariton spectrum is obtained in the transparent regime below the absorption cutoff frequency, and the normalization condition contains the material dispersion in a simple way. In the absorptive regime, a continuous polariton spectrum is obtained. The expressions for the full electromagnetic field of the system can be written in terms of the modes of a limiting, nondispersive, nonabsorptive system, so the theory is well suited to studying the effect of dispersion or absorption on photonic dispersion relations and mode structure. Available codes for dispersive photonic modes can easily be leveraged to obtain polariton modes in both the transparent and absorptive regimes.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".