New method of energymass dispersion applied to mass spectral data from positively charged water vapor clusters
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A new method is presented by which energymass, volumemass, and enthalpymass dispersion curves may be determined for charged water vapor clusters. This method involves two closely spaced partial pressures at a fixed temperature. The method is exemplified by using mass spectral data from positively charged water vapor clusters (H+(H2O)M) where 6 ≤ M ≤ 45. A ΔGmass dispersion was also determined using the ΔHmass dispersion for comparison. ΔG displays an enormous minimum, which is of signal importance because it indicates that a size of maximum stability (SMS) exists. The SMS corresponds to M = 13 for pressures between 0.056 and 0.151 bar (1 bar = 100 kPa) at 373.15 K, and to M = 32±1 for pressures between 0.473 and 0.556 bar at 372.15 K. The free energy corresponding to M = 45 occurs far above that corresponding to the SMS. The resultant instability leads to condensation for pressures above 0.556 bar at 372.15 K.Key words: clusters, mass spectrometry, thermodynamics, water vapour.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.005 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".