Single Bath, Pulsed Electrodeposition of Copper-Tin Alloy Negative Electrodes for Lithium-ion Batteries
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Single-bath, pulsed electrodeposition of Cu-Sn alloy films was performed in a bath containing Lucent Technology's SnTech plating solution and copper sulfate. Films with varying Cu-Sn stoichiometries were deposited. Deposited films were between and 6 μm thick. These films were used as working electrodes in Li/Cu-Sn electrochemical cells to test their suitability as negative electrodes for Li-ion cells. As the Cu content in the film is increased, specific capacity is sacrificed for capacity retention. Films with a Cu-Sn atomic ratio of 0.27 (high Sn content) had a maximum specific capacity of 500 mAh/g, however capacity retention is only about 20% of the original capacity after 40 cycles. High Cu content films (Cu-Sn atomic ratio of 3.83) yield specific capacities near 200 mAh/g, with 80% capacity retention after 40 cycles. © 2003 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".