Thermal Design Options Using Uranium Carbide and Uranium Dicarbide in SCWR Uniformly-Heated Fuel Channel
Bibliographic record
Abstract
SuperCritical Water-cooled nuclear Reactor (SCWR) options are one of the six reactor options identified in Generation IV International Forum (GIF). In these reactors the light-water coolant is pressurized to supercritical pressures (up to approximately 25 MPa). This allows the coolant to remain as a single-phase fluid even under supercritical temperatures (up to approximately 625°C). SCW Nuclear Power Plants (NPPs) are of such great interest, because their operating conditions allow for a significant increase in thermal efficiency when compared to that of modern conventional water-cooled NPPs. Direct-cycle SCW NPPs do not require the use of steam generators, steam dryers, etc. allowing for a simplified NPP design. This paper shows that new nuclear fuels such as Uranium Carbide (UC) and Uranium Dicarbide (UC2) are viable option for the SCWRs. It is believed they have great potential due to their higher thermal conductivity and corresponding to that lower fuel centerline temperature compared to those of conventional nuclear fuels such as uranium dioxide, thoria and MOX. Two conditions that must be met are: 1) keep the fuel centreline temperature below 1850°C (industry accepted limit), and 2) keep the sheath temperature below 850°C (design limit). These conditions ensure that SCWRs will operate efficiently and safely. It has been determined that Inconel-600 is a viable option for a sheath material. A generic SCWR fuel channel was considered with a 43-element bundle. Therefore, bulk-fluid, sheath and fuel centreline and HTC profiles were calculated along the heated length of a fuel channel.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".