First report of pathogenicity group 2 of <i>Leptosphaeria maculans</i> causing blackleg of oilseed rape in Iran
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Rapeseed (Brassica napus) is one of the most important oilseed crops in Iran with more than 200,000 ha planted in 2008. Phoma blackleg (Leptosphaeria biglobosa), pathogenicity group 1 (PG-1) or non-aggressive type, has been reported on rapeseed from Golestan province (Fernando et al., 2007). Recently, in some regions of Mazandaran and Golestan provinces of northern Iran, typical stem canker symptoms were observed with incidence ranging from 20 to 60%. During October and November 2008, ascospores were isolated from pseudothecia on infected rapeseed debris and cultured on V8-agar medium (Mengistu et al., 1993). Based on the description of Punithalingam & Holliday (1972), sporulating colonies were identified as L. maculans (anamorph Phoma lingam). Eleven isolates of L. maculans were used for determining the pathogenicity group according to phenotypic interaction (PI) on rapeseed cultivars including Westar, Quinta and Glacier. Nine seven-day old seedlings of each cultivar were inoculated for each isolate and the test was repeated three times. Wounded cotyledons were each inoculated with 10μL of conidial suspensions at 2 × 107 spores/mL. All plants were maintained in a growth chamber at 21°C (light) to 16°C (dark), with a 16-hour photoperiod and relative humidity of 95%. After 10 days, disease severity was rated on a 0-9 scale (Williams, 1985). Two isolates (Es-5 and Es-7) were classified as belonging to pathogenicity group PG2 and nine isolates as PG1. PG2 isolates showed PI reactions 0 to 2, 7 to 9 and 7 to 9 on cvs Glacier, Quinta and Westar, respectively. In addition, cvs Hyola401 and Okapi were highly sensitive to PG-2 isolates in the cotyledon assay. This is the first report of the occurrence of L. maculans PG-2 in Iran. Special thanks to the Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK) for providing the seeds needed for this testing.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".