Anti‐CD11d antibody treatment reduces free radical formation and cell death in the injured spinal cord of rats
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Treatment with a monoclonal antibody (mAb) against the CD11d subunit of the leukocyte integrin CD11d/CD18 after spinal cord injury (SCI) decreases intraspinal inflammation and oxidative damage, improving neurological function in rats. In this study we tested whether the anti-CD11d mAb treatment reduces intraspinal free radical formation and cell death after SCI. Using clip-compression SCI in rats, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated in injured spinal cord were detected using 2',7'-dichlorofluorescin-diacetate and hydroethidine as fluorescent probes. ROS in the injured cord increased significantly after SCI; anti-CD11d mAb treatment significantly reduced this ROS formation. Immunohistochemistry and western blotting were employed to assess the effects of anti-CD11d mAb treatment on spinal cord expression of gp91Phox (a subunit of NADPH oxidase producing superoxide) on formation of 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE, indicating lipid peroxidation) and on expression of caspase-3. We also assessed effects on cell death, determined by cell morphology. The expression of gp91Phox, formation of HNE, and cell death increased after SCI. Anti-CD11d mAb treatment clearly attenuated these responses. In conclusion, anti-CD11d mAb treatment significantly reduces intraspinal free radical formation caused by infiltrating leukocytes after SCI, thereby reducing secondary cell death. These effects likely underlie tissue preservation and improved neurological function that result from the mAb treatment.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".