Fluid Properties at Coking Process Conditions
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A new method based on the measurement of the forces on a liquid bridge between two crossed rods was used to determine fluid properties during the cracking of an Athabasca vacuum residue at 300−530 °C. The surface tension was measured at temperatures between 312 and 530 °C. Adhesive forces in the liquid bridge and viscosity were measured with increasing reaction time at 400−530 °C. The results showed that the adhesive force remained constant, until the liquid dried out because of devolatilization and coke formation, where it fell to zero. The surface tension was constant with increasing reaction time, but it decreased with reaction temperature from 21 mN/m at 150 °C to 6 mN/m at 530 °C. The viscosity increased to order 10 4 mPa·s before dry-out, for all of the temperatures above 400 °C.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".