Effect of Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate on the Morphology of Polystyrene-<i>b</i>-Poly(acrylic acid) Aggregates in Dioxane−Water Mixtures
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The aggregation behavior in solution of polystyrene- b -poly(acrylic acid) (PS- b -PAA) in dioxane−water mixtures has been characterized in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) using turbidity and transmission electron microscopy studies. These aggregates were found to undergo morphological transformations at lower water contents in the presence of SDS than those normally required for the same transitions in the absence of any additives. It was confirmed from parallel studies carried out with sodium chloride and tridecanoic acid that SDS molecules interact with the copolymer aggregates in two ways. The sulfate and sodium ions screen the electrostatic charge generated by the partially charged PAA chains, while the hydrocarbon tails of the SDS molecules are able to partition into the core of the aggregates. Both of these factors promote architecture changes in the copolymer aggregates by altering the balance between the three forces that have been identified as having a major influence on the morphology of the aggregates (i.e., the stretching of the core chains, the interfacial tension between the core and the solvent, and the intercorona interactions). A phase diagram was constructed, which contains the morphological phase boundaries for the copolymer aggregates in the presence of SDS at different solvent compositions. The effects of the copolymer concentration and the method of solution preparation on the morphological boundaries were also investigated.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".